Mars

The fourth planet from the sun has always captivated our imagination, and while scientists  haven't proven there's any life, not even the microscopic variety, the dusty red planet still  commands our attention (and a lot of space missions).

On the planet

The surface of Mars is more interesting than most planets. Like Mercury, Venus  and Earth, Mars is mostly rock and metal. Mountains and craters scar the rugged  terrain. The dust, an iron oxide, gives the planet its reddish cast. A thin  atmosphere and an elliptical orbit combine to create temperature fluctuations  ranging from minus 207 degrees Fahrenheit to a comfortable 80 degrees  Fahrenheit on summer days (if you are at the equator). Researchers have recently  monitored huge storms swirling on Mars. The storms are very similar to hurricanes  on Earth.

Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos.

Is there water? 

Mars was most likely warm and wet about 3.7 billion years ago. But as the  planet cooled, the water froze. Remnants exist as ice caps at the poles (as shown  here). A recent image of Mars taken by the Hubble Space Telescope shows  evidence of water-bearing minerals in large amounts, and scientists say the  deposits may provide clues to the planet's water-rich background.

Is there life on Mars? 

It has not yet been proven that there is life on Mars. A NASA announcement in  1996 about microscopic life found in a meteorite has failed to convince skeptics,  and the search continues.  

Historical notes 

The apparent odd motion of Mars as seen from Earth stumped scientists for  centuries, finally leading in the early 1600's to the notion that planets orbited the  sun in an elliptical pattern. Percival Lowell, an amateur astronomer who studied  Mars into the early 1900s, thought he saw canals that must have been dug by  inhabitants. Upon closer examination with modern telescopes and planetary  probes, they turned out to be optical illusions.  

In 1938, Orson Welles broadcast an Americanized version of a 40-year-old  British novel by H.G. Wells -- The War of the Worlds. The radio drama was  perceived by many as a real newscast about a Martian invasion near Princeton,  New Jersey.

Список литературы

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